We have the best housing affordability in at least 38 years, and the worst economy in 51 years. Hmm….
The monthly cost of homeownership has fallen 43% from the peak in this cycle, with more than half of that due to the decline in price, and the remainder due to the decline in mortgage rates and increase in incomes. The median-income household, which earns $52,800 per year, only needs 25% of their income to buy the median-priced single-family home of $164,600. In July 2006, that ratio was 44%.
Those of us who are in the housing business know that the monthly payment is far more important than the price for entry-level buyers. Entry-level buyers compare the cost of homeownership to the cost of renting and have no idea what a Case-Shiller index means. Once the word gets out that homeownership is less expensive than renting, which is now also true in 54 of the 88 markets where we track this information, we expect buying activity to increase substantially (even in a horrible economy).
With the media so focused on price, we thought it would be appropriate to share the change in payment. We calculate the housing-cost-to-income ratio for major metro areas across the country assuming a 20% down payment, a fixed-rate conforming mortgage, and full amortization of the down payment over 7 years (the typical length of homeownership). In the Oakland, CA MSA, housing costs in this cycle have plummeted from 84% of income to 28%, a decline in monthly payment of 67%. The California and Southwest markets have shown the greatest correction, while the Texas markets, with consistently low housing-cost-to-income ratios, have shown less improvement.
Housing Cost to Income Ratio (Peak to Current) | ||||
Metro Area | Peak Date | Peak Ratio | Current Ratio | % Change |
Oakland, CA (MDiv) | 2007-07 | 84% | 28% | 67% |
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA | 2006-06 | 68% | 25% | 64% |
Sacramento, CA | 2005-08 | 63% | 26% | 59% |
Las Vegas, NV | 2006-06 | 54% | 22% | 59% |
Phoenix, AZ | 2006-06 | 46% | 19% | 58% |
Los Angeles, CA (MDiv) | 2007-08 | 102% | 45% | 56% |
Miami, FL (MDiv) | 2007-07 | 76% | 34% | 54% |
Washington D.C., DC-VA-MD-WV (MDiv) | 2005-11 | 53% | 25% | 53% |
Detroit, MI (MDiv) | 2004-06 | 29% | 15% | 49% |
Tampa, FL | 2006-06 | 42% | 21% | 49% |
Orlando, FL | 2006-06 | 46% | 25% | 47% |
Denver, CO | 2006-06 | 41% | 22% | 45% |
San Francisco, CA (MDiv) | 2007-06 | 113% | 62% | 45% |
Chicago, IL (MDiv) | 2006-06 | 44% | 25% | 43% |
Boston, MA (MDiv) | 2006-05 | 61% | 37% | 40% |
Atlanta, GA | 2005-03 | 27% | 17% | 36% |
Seattle, WA (MDiv) | 2007-06 | 58% | 38% | 34% |
Charlotte, NC-SC | 2006-07 | 33% | 22% | 33% |
Houston, TX | 2006-06 | 29% | 20% | 32% |
New York, NY-NJ (MDiv) | 2005-11 | 92% | 63% | 32% |
Fort Worth, TX (MDiv) | 2006-06 | 22% | 15% | 32% |
Portland, OR-WA | 2006-06 | 48% | 33% | 31% |
Dallas, TX (MDiv) | 2006-07 | 29% | 20% | 31% |
Indianapolis, IN | 2005-11 | 22% | 15% | 31% |
Nashville, TN | 2007-07 | 31% | 22% | 29% |
Raleigh-Cary, NC | 2007-06 | 33% | 25% | 25% |
San Antonio, TX | 2007-06 | 32% | 24% | 25% |
St. Louis, MO-IL | 2007-07 | 34% | 26% | 23% |
Philadelphia, PA (MDiv) | 2008-08 | 36% | 28% | 22% |
Austin, TX | 2007-06 | 32% | 26% | 19% |
National | 2006-07 | 44% | 25% | 43% |
This is the most current available data for all variables and markets.
Permits Statistics
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Employment Statistics
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Affordability
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Metro Area |
Month
S. Fam. Permits |
Month
Total Permits |
Permits / Peak Permits
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1-Yr Growth
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1-Yr Growth Rate
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Unemp Rate
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Median Home Price
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Housing Costs / Income
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Housing Cycle Barometer
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Alabama | ||||||||||
Anniston-Oxford | 165 | 179 | 38% | (1,200) | (2.3%) | 8.7% | $87,653 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Auburn-Opelika | 710 | 850 | 39% | (900) | (1.7%) | 7.0% | $135,886 | 26% | 0.0 | |
Birmingham | 2,117 | 3,049 | 39% | (15,600) | (3.0%) | 8.0% | $139,497 | 23% | 0.1 | |
Decatur | 179 | 179 | 19% | (2,700) | (4.6%) | 9.0% | $100,611 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Dothan | 369 | 369 | 49% | (1,900) | (3.1%) | 8.0% | $92,183 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Florence | 159 | 255 | 33% | (800) | (1.4%) | 9.3% | $95,348 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Huntsville | 2,161 | 2,900 | 58% | (4,000) | (1.9%) | 6.5% | $126,585 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Mobile | 1,242 | 1,946 | 66% | (2,100) | (1.1%) | 8.5% | $124,067 | 25% | 0.4 | |
Montgomery | 516 | 524 | 20% | (4,500) | (2.5%) | 8.7% | $122,591 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Tuscaloosa | 489 | 1,071 | 41% | (1,600) | (1.6%) | 7.7% | $125,705 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Alaska | ||||||||||
Anchorage | 267 | 429 | 5% | 2,400 | 1.5% | 7.9% | $193,769 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Arizona | ||||||||||
Flagstaff | 233 | 239 | 18% | (1,800) | (2.8%) | 6.9% | $200,155 | 36% | 2.9 | |
Phoenix | 11,041 | 16,442 | 24% | (137,600) | (7.2%) | 6.9% | $125,000 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Prescott | 544 | 710 | 16% | (4,600) | (7.4%) | 8.4% | $161,441 | 31% | 0.0 | |
Tucson | 2,423 | 2,693 | 21% | (11,500) | (3.0%) | 6.7% | $179,900 | 33% | 3.3 | |
Yuma | 858 | 863 | 32% | (6,200) | (10.9%) | 14.9% | $165,000 | 35% | 5.3 | |
Arkansas | ||||||||||
Fayetteville | 1,168 | 2,342 | 31% | (2,700) | (1.3%) | 5.8% | $111,082 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Fort Smith | 480 | 710 | 54% | (2,500) | (2.0%) | 7.3% | $78,186 | 14% | 0.0 | |
Little Rock | 1,717 | 3,040 | 53% | (5,800) | (1.7%) | 6.0% | $125,057 | 18% | 0.0 | |
California | ||||||||||
Bakersfield | 1,598 | 2,389 | 27% | (2,300) | (1.0%) | 14.7% | $120,000 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Chico | 504 | 557 | 28% | (2,500) | (3.3%) | 12.7% | $209,000 | 40% | 3.6 | |
El Centro | 198 | 247 | 11% | (2,100) | (4.5%) | 24.5% | $110,000 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Fresno | 2,273 | 2,668 | 36% | (7,400) | (2.4%) | 16.4% | $127,750 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Hanford | 210 | 347 | 26% | 200 | 0.6% | 16.3% | $127,550 | 23% | 1.4 | |
Los Angeles | 2,844 | 10,748 | 15% | (130,000) | (3.2%) | 11.0% | $300,000 | 45% | 1.5 | |
Madera | 220 | 227 | 10% | (600) | (1.7%) | 13.8% | $140,000 | 29% | 2.1 | |
Merced | 199 | 199 | 5% | (1,900) | (3.3%) | 19.9% | $105,000 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Modesto | 407 | 483 | 8% | (4,600) | (3.0%) | 16.9% | $135,250 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Monterey | 232 | 467 | 17% | (3,000) | (2.4%) | 16.2% | $200,000 | 28% | 0.0 | |
Napa | 221 | 225 | 22% | (2,600) | (4.1%) | 8.5% | $325,000 | 39% | 1.3 | |
Oakland | 1,653 | 3,590 | 16% | (40,900) | (3.9%) | 9.6% | $245,000 | 28% | 0.0 | |
Orange County | 1,218 | 2,525 | 10% | (72,300) | (4.8%) | 7.8% | $433,000 | 47% | 3.1 | |
Redding | 354 | 447 | 19% | (2,900) | (4.7%) | 16.2% | $180,000 | 33% | 2.2 | |
Riverside-San Bernardino | 5,251 | 8,053 | 14% | (79,400) | (6.4%) | 12.2% | $167,500 | 25% | 0.3 | |
Sacramento | 3,736 | 5,174 | 22% | (43,300) | (4.9%) | 10.8% | $189,000 | 26% | 0.1 | |
San Diego | 2,001 | 4,603 | 10% | (37,900) | (2.9%) | 8.8% | $320,000 | 42% | 1.2 | |
San Francisco | 540 | 2,786 | 41% | (30,600) | (3.1%) | 7.8% | $582,500 | 62% | 2.4 | |
San Jose | 860 | 2,821 | 28% | (26,900) | (2.9%) | 10.0% | $415,000 | 40% | 0.9 | |
San Luis Obispo | 614 | 741 | 21% | (2,400) | (2.3%) | 8.1% | $364,500 | 57% | 4.3 | |
Santa Barbara | 205 | 273 | 10% | (2,700) | (1.6%) | 8.3% | $250,000 | 37% | 0.1 | |
Santa Cruz | 252 | 293 | 21% | (2,900) | (3.1%) | 13.1% | $365,000 | 45% | 0.0 | |
Santa Rosa | 505 | 619 | 11% | (9,100) | (4.9%) | 9.1% | $300,000 | 38% | 0.5 | |
Stockton | 737 | 750 | 11% | (4,300) | (2.1%) | 15.8% | $152,000 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Vallejo-Fairfield | 335 | 572 | 9% | (4,000) | (3.2%) | 10.4% | $200,000 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Ventura | 321 | 565 | 8% | (13,300) | (4.5%) | 9.2% | $350,000 | 38% | 1.4 | |
Visalia-Porterville | 1,142 | 1,241 | 35% | (3,200) | (2.8%) | 17.0% | $126,500 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Yuba-Sutter | 154 | 160 | 5% | (1,400) | (3.4%) | 18.9% | $145,000 | 26% | 0.4 | |
Colorado | ||||||||||
Boulder | 170 | 563 | 11% | (4,300) | (2.6%) | 6.1% | $275,750 | 29% | 0.6 | |
Colorado Springs | 1,478 | 1,916 | 17% | (7,900) | (3.1%) | 8.4% | $164,900 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Denver | 3,659 | 7,336 | 26% | (40,700) | (3.3%) | 7.9% | $187,250 | 22% | 0.9 | |
Fort Collins | 639 | 1,197 | 33% | 300 | 0.2% | 6.5% | $199,550 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Grand Junction | 635 | 653 | 32% | 1,600 | 2.5% | 7.2% | $163,272 | 26% | 1.1 | |
Greeley | 787 | 924 | 21% | 0 | 0.0% | 8.4% | $140,000 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Pueblo | 357 | 392 | 27% | (1,000) | (1.7%) | 8.9% | $86,125 | 16% | 0.0 | |
Connecticut | ||||||||||
Bridgeport | 570 | 1,699 | 32% | (12,500) | (3.0%) | 7.4% | $372,005 | 35% | 0.0 | |
Hartford | 1,055 | 1,573 | 15% | (13,100) | (2.4%) | 8.0% | $225,246 | 27% | 0.0 | |
New Haven | 515 | 808 | 11% | (4,400) | (1.6%) | 7.8% | $234,883 | 30% | 0.8 | |
Delaware | ||||||||||
Dover | 735 | 863 | 40% | (3,000) | (4.6%) | 7.8% | $209,769 | 34% | 6.0 | |
Wilmington | 919 | 1,357 | 21% | (13,000) | (3.7%) | 8.3% | $201,748 | 27% | 1.1 | |
District of Columbia | ||||||||||
Washington D.C. | 7,022 | 10,455 | 28% | (4,500) | (0.2%) | 6.3% | $271,319 | 25% | 0.6 | |
Florida | ||||||||||
Daytona Beach | 916 | 1,106 | 14% | (10,100) | (5.8%) | 10.3% | $122,500 | 23% | 1.5 | |
Fort Lauderdale | 817 | 1,978 | 10% | (35,200) | (4.5%) | 8.3% | $188,000 | 29% | 1.5 | |
Fort Myers | 1,091 | 1,359 | 5% | (20,800) | (9.2%) | 12.0% | $95,000 | 15% | 0.1 | |
Fort Walton Beach | 373 | 760 | 20% | (1,500) | (1.8%) | 7.3% | $172,093 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Gainesville | 351 | 847 | 26% | (2,700) | (2.0%) | 6.2% | $153,749 | 33% | 1.2 | |
Jacksonville | 4,680 | 7,319 | 29% | (26,200) | (4.2%) | 9.2% | $169,000 | 26% | 4.5 | |
Lakeland | 1,951 | 2,613 | 20% | (10,500) | (4.9%) | 10.4% | $103,000 | 20% | 0.6 | |
Melbourne | 1,170 | 1,601 | 16% | (11,700) | (5.5%) | 10.0% | $119,450 | 20% | 0.7 | |
Miami | 866 | 3,040 | 12% | (39,400) | (3.7%) | 7.5% | $185,000 | 34% | 2.3 | |
Naples | 647 | 871 | 11% | (8,100) | (6.2%) | 9.2% | $200,000 | 28% | 1.0 | |
Ocala | 964 | 1,002 | 13% | (5,400) | (5.1%) | 12.3% | $118,500 | 23% | 2.8 | |
Orlando | 4,723 | 8,463 | 23% | (56,900) | (5.2%) | 9.7% | $155,000 | 25% | 2.3 | |
Panama City | 377 | 667 | 12% | (2,000) | (2.7%) | 9.7% | $172,254 | 30% | 3.4 | |
Pensacola | 1,029 | 1,131 | 18% | (5,800) | (3.4%) | 9.3% | $139,229 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Port St. Lucie | 731 | 985 | 9% | (8,400) | (6.3%) | 11.8% | $121,000 | 20% | 0.2 | |
Sarasota | 1,368 | 1,825 | 13% | (21,100) | (7.6%) | 10.8% | $137,500 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Tallahassee | 959 | 1,686 | 39% | (4,200) | (2.3%) | 6.9% | $139,757 | 27% | 0.0 | |
Tampa | 4,561 | 8,883 | 23% | (51,400) | (4.1%) | 10.2% | $120,000 | 21% | 0.6 | |
West Palm Beach | 1,074 | 1,774 | 8% | (23,300) | (4.2%) | 9.7% | $209,000 | 31% | 2.7 | |
Georgia | ||||||||||
Albany | 241 | 299 | 24% | (2,100) | (3.2%) | 8.7% | $88,593 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Athens | 498 | 665 | 28% | (700) | (0.8%) | 7.3% | $133,160 | 26% | 0.0 | |
Atlanta | 10,105 | 15,359 | 21% | (111,300) | (4.6%) | 9.3% | $132,127 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Augusta | 1,653 | 1,698 | 31% | (4,800) | (2.2%) | 9.2% | $111,389 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Columbus | 753 | 1,013 | 45% | (2,700) | (2.2%) | 8.8% | $104,916 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Dalton | 228 | 327 | 30% | (6,000) | (7.9%) | 12.9% | $95,826 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Gainesville | 269 | 276 | 11% | (2,700) | (3.4%) | 8.9% | $137,601 | 23% | 0.1 | |
Macon | 492 | 567 | 30% | (2,800) | (2.8%) | 9.2% | $94,193 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Savannah | 1,411 | 1,881 | 39% | (4,900) | (3.1%) | 8.0% | $142,373 | 25% | 2.4 | |
Valdosta | 649 | 790 | 54% | (1,900) | (3.3%) | 8.5% | $105,096 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Warner Robins | 614 | 919 | 44% | (2,200) | (3.8%) | 7.4% | $95,205 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Hawaii | ||||||||||
Honolulu | 750 | 1,431 | 29% | (10,500) | (2.3%) | 5.4% | $576,413 | 66% | 3.9 | |
Idaho | ||||||||||
Boise City | 2,110 | 2,627 | 23% | (16,200) | (6.0%) | 8.4% | $159,309 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Coeur D’Alene | 649 | 724 | 27% | 500 | 0.9% | 9.4% | $162,711 | 27% | 2.4 | |
Illinois | ||||||||||
Bloomington | 300 | 447 | 26% | 400 | 0.4% | 6.4% | $159,448 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Champaign-Urbana | 385 | 848 | 39% | 3,600 | 3.2% | 7.2% | $135,182 | 24% | 1.2 | |
Chicago | 5,296 | 11,449 | 26% | (126,400) | (3.3%) | 9.0% | $184,000 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Decatur | 583 | 595 | 100% | (700) | (1.3%) | 10.0% | $82,067 | 16% | 0.4 | |
Lake-Kenosha | 867 | 952 | 15% | (5,700) | (1.5%) | 9.8% | $236,697 | 27% | 0.0 | |
Peoria | 734 | 832 | 43% | (700) | (0.4%) | 9.1% | $118,166 | 19% | 3.2 | |
Rockford | 344 | 449 | 17% | (4,800) | (3.0%) | 14.0% | $111,355 | 18% | 3.8 | |
Springfield | 233 | 558 | 36% | 200 | 0.2% | 7.1% | $103,259 | 17% | 0.4 | |
Indiana | ||||||||||
Bloomington | 328 | 596 | 49% | (1,200) | (1.4%) | 7.6% | $120,415 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Elkhart-Goshen | 297 | 447 | 27% | (16,000) | (12.9%) | 18.0% | $105,509 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Evansville | 515 | 749 | 34% | (5,000) | (2.9%) | 8.9% | $88,479 | 16% | 0.0 | |
Fort Wayne | 739 | 984 | 27% | (5,900) | (2.8%) | 9.9% | $88,339 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Gary | 1,102 | 1,485 | 32% | (5,000) | (1.8%) | 10.0% | $117,489 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Indianapolis | 4,128 | 6,636 | 39% | (25,500) | (2.8%) | 8.2% | $104,266 | 15% | 0.1 | |
Lafayette | 478 | 511 | 28% | (600) | (0.6%) | 8.4% | $106,696 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Muncie | 69 | 73 | 13% | (1,200) | (2.3%) | 9.9% | $73,748 | 16% | 0.0 | |
South Bend | 354 | 740 | 37% | (2,700) | (1.9%) | 10.9% | $81,505 | 14% | 0.0 | |
Terre Haute | 122 | 174 | 25% | (1,800) | (2.5%) | 10.4% | $73,081 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Iowa | ||||||||||
Cedar Rapids | 775 | 1,020 | 50% | (500) | (0.4%) | 5.3% | $136,136 | 22% | 2.8 | |
Davenport | 423 | 499 | 33% | 0 | 0.0% | 7.2% | $99,214 | 17% | 1.0 | |
Des Moines | 1,685 | 2,629 | 42% | (2,700) | (0.8%) | 5.2% | $147,162 | 20% | 0.5 | |
Dubuque | 206 | 219 | 25% | (1,000) | (1.8%) | 6.5% | $110,100 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Iowa City | 611 | 757 | 45% | (600) | (0.7%) | 3.8% | $143,265 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Sioux City | 168 | 177 | 15% | (700) | (0.9%) | 5.0% | $84,843 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Waterloo | 367 | 385 | 46% | 300 | 0.3% | 4.9% | $104,399 | 18% | 2.6 | |
Kansas | ||||||||||
Topeka | 404 | 427 | 31% | 400 | 0.4% | 6.4% | $105,455 | 17% | 0.5 | |
Wichita | 1,580 | 2,016 | 44% | 800 | 0.3% | 6.0% | $117,873 | 19% | 1.5 | |
Kentucky | ||||||||||
Bowling Green | 342 | 428 | 31% | (2,400) | (3.9%) | 10.3% | $106,499 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Lexington | 1,357 | 2,823 | 55% | (8,800) | (3.5%) | 8.1% | $137,198 | 25% | 1.6 | |
Louisville | 2,366 | 3,319 | 37% | (18,000) | (2.9%) | 10.0% | $123,056 | 23% | 0.2 | |
Louisiana | ||||||||||
Alexandria | 332 | 340 | 36% | (200) | (0.3%) | 5.5% | $89,908 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Baton Rouge | 2,428 | 3,494 | 39% | 1,100 | 0.3% | 5.1% | $156,147 | 24% | 0.1 | |
Houma | 513 | 770 | 65% | 1,400 | 1.5% | 3.5% | $110,959 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Lafayette | 749 | 953 | 19% | (600) | (0.4%) | 3.9% | $125,027 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Lake Charles | 599 | 682 | 45% | (1,100) | (1.2%) | 4.9% | $103,206 | 17% | 0.0 | |
Monroe | 250 | 316 | 26% | 100 | 0.1% | 5.9% | $99,354 | 19% | 0.0 | |
New Orleans | 2,443 | 4,217 | 32% | 800 | 0.2% | 5.3% | $153,175 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Shreveport | 903 | 1,131 | 37% | (1,000) | (0.6%) | 6.8% | $139,575 | 26% | 2.7 | |
Maine | ||||||||||
Bangor | 279 | 519 | 52% | (1,300) | (2.0%) | 8.0% | $118,446 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Portland | 1,053 | 1,197 | 21% | (3,200) | (1.7%) | 7.0% | $207,066 | 28% | 0.8 | |
Maryland | ||||||||||
Baltimore | 2,938 | 4,759 | 24% | (27,900) | (2.1%) | 7.6% | $241,718 | 30% | 5.9 | |
Bethesda | 1,544 | 2,288 | 19% | 1,200 | 0.2% | 5.4% | $350,000 | 32% | 4.1 | |
Hagerstown | 859 | 1,003 | 24% | (2,400) | (2.4%) | 9.7% | $168,263 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Salisbury | 240 | 378 | 29% | (1,300) | (2.4%) | 9.6% | $137,137 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Massachusetts | ||||||||||
Barnstable Town | 354 | 497 | 10% | (1,900) | (2.1%) | 10.9% | $300,584 | 38% | 0.0 | |
Boston | 1,011 | 3,882 | 37% | (36,600) | (2.2%) | 7.0% | $323,268 | 37% | 1.6 | |
Cambridge | 1,073 | 2,139 | 29% | (57,800) | (2.3%) | 7.4% | $350,551 | 35% | 0.2 | |
Michigan | ||||||||||
Ann Arbor | 262 | 311 | 11% | (9,200) | (4.7%) | 7.4% | $159,029 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Battle Creek | 53 | 87 | 14% | (3,200) | (5.5%) | 11.2% | $81,163 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Detroit | 489 | 878 | 14% | (47,900) | (6.2%) | 14.6% | $82,905 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Flint | 145 | 155 | 5% | (9,800) | (6.7%) | 13.8% | $81,916 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Grand Rapids | 962 | 1,016 | 20% | (20,000) | (5.2%) | 10.5% | $83,029 | 14% | 0.2 | |
Holland | 380 | 550 | 20% | (7,300) | (6.6%) | 12.1% | $130,802 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Jackson | 100 | 173 | 17% | (2,800) | (4.9%) | 12.7% | $91,819 | 17% | 0.7 | |
Kalamazoo | 476 | 658 | 27% | (5,600) | (3.9%) | 9.9% | $108,336 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Lansing | 238 | 278 | 9% | (5,700) | (2.5%) | 10.1% | $80,558 | 13% | 0.0 | |
Muskegon | 170 | 178 | 18% | (3,200) | (5.1%) | 14.2% | $85,277 | 16% | 0.0 | |
Niles | 143 | 153 | 19% | (2,500) | (4.0%) | 11.9% | $115,274 | 21% | 1.1 | |
Saginaw | 145 | 218 | 22% | (3,700) | (4.3%) | 11.8% | $43,561 | 9% | 0.1 | |
Warren | 1,283 | 1,481 | 8% | (94,500) | (8.3%) | 12.9% | $144,641 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Minnesota | ||||||||||
Duluth | 584 | 691 | 40% | (2,800) | (2.1%) | 9.8% | $109,377 | 20% | 4.3 | |
Minneapolis | 3,917 | 5,541 | 20% | (60,800) | (3.4%) | 8.2% | $160,000 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Rochester | 425 | 625 | 31% | 0 | 0.0% | 7.2% | $129,296 | 17% | 0.0 | |
St. Cloud | 371 | 561 | 28% | (1,200) | (1.2%) | 9.8% | $128,739 | 21% | 0.5 | |
Mississippi | ||||||||||
Gulfport-Biloxi | 1,666 | 3,012 | 55% | (3,500) | (3.2%) | 7.6% | $126,649 | 24% | 0.8 | |
Hattiesburg | 78 | 658 | 58% | (1,300) | (2.1%) | 6.8% | $93,343 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Jackson | 1,721 | 1,753 | 39% | (5,000) | (1.9%) | 7.2% | $126,463 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Pascagoula | 513 | 676 | 39% | (1,900) | (3.2%) | 8.7% | $104,413 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Missouri | ||||||||||
Columbia | 482 | 590 | 25% | 1,400 | 1.5% | 5.9% | $138,892 | 26% | 0.3 | |
Jefferson City | 140 | 150 | 13% | (1,100) | (1.4%) | 7.5% | $104,074 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Joplin | 178 | 264 | 36% | (700) | (0.9%) | 7.3% | $80,645 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Kansas City | 2,454 | 4,360 | 24% | (10,100) | (1.0%) | 8.4% | $134,250 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Springfield | 859 | 1,948 | 38% | (3,100) | (1.6%) | 8.1% | $117,783 | 24% | 1.0 | |
St. Joseph | 96 | 108 | 25% | (1,500) | (2.5%) | 8.2% | $85,849 | 16% | 0.0 | |
St. Louis | 4,310 | 5,263 | 29% | (29,300) | (2.2%) | 9.2% | $165,194 | 26% | 4.2 | |
Montana | ||||||||||
Billings | 490 | 515 | 35% | (3,600) | (4.5%) | 4.7% | $129,271 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Missoula | 309 | 389 | 35% | (2,600) | (4.6%) | 6.9% | $175,836 | 31% | 1.2 | |
Nebraska | ||||||||||
Lincoln | 674 | 793 | 29% | (100) | (0.1%) | 4.2% | $131,118 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Omaha | 3,033 | 4,154 | 63% | (1,000) | (0.2%) | 4.8% | $129,086 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Nevada | ||||||||||
Las Vegas | 5,358 | 10,939 | 28% | (41,400) | (4.5%) | 10.1% | $156,000 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Reno | 840 | 1,868 | 30% | (15,900) | (7.4%) | 11.2% | $200,000 | 28% | 0.0 | |
New Hampshire | ||||||||||
Manchester | 401 | 664 | 9% | 100 | 0.1% | 5.8% | $221,288 | 21% | 0.0 | |
New Jersey | ||||||||||
Atlantic City | 644 | 748 | 19% | (5,500) | (3.8%) | 11.8% | $211,564 | 34% | 3.9 | |
Camden | 1,594 | 2,365 | 28% | (20,800) | (3.9%) | 8.9% | $200,854 | 27% | 3.2 | |
Edison | 2,664 | 4,488 | 18% | (41,800) | (4.1%) | 8.3% | $331,251 | 38% | 5.9 | |
Newark-Union | 1,723 | 4,285 | 46% | (20,300) | (2.0%) | 8.4% | $367,304 | 45% | 4.3 | |
Trenton | 288 | 493 | 14% | (5,000) | (2.1%) | 7.6% | $254,052 | 32% | 3.8 | |
Vineland | 307 | 312 | 42% | (1,000) | (1.6%) | 12.8% | $146,586 | 27% | 3.7 | |
New Mexico | ||||||||||
Albuquerque | 1,819 | 2,261 | 26% | (4,800) | (1.2%) | 6.0% | $200,125 | 31% | 1.6 | |
Las Cruces | 887 | 1,156 | 46% | 200 | 0.3% | 5.9% | $110,796 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Santa Fe | 126 | 126 | 10% | 300 | 0.5% | 5.1% | $234,083 | 32% | 0.0 | |
New York | ||||||||||
Albany | 1,142 | 1,929 | 36% | (6,500) | (1.5%) | 7.6% | $190,426 | 29% | 2.9 | |
Binghamton | 226 | 268 | 20% | (1,300) | (1.1%) | 9.0% | $107,125 | 20% | 1.8 | |
Buffalo | 947 | 1,322 | 28% | (10,900) | (2.0%) | 9.6% | $105,739 | 20% | 0.8 | |
Glens Falls | 333 | 379 | 24% | (700) | (1.3%) | 10.0% | $145,109 | 27% | 2.5 | |
Ithaca | 113 | 236 | 36% | (200) | (0.3%) | 5.9% | $156,294 | 29% | 2.6 | |
Kingston | 226 | 296 | 21% | (1,500) | (2.4%) | 8.4% | $218,737 | 33% | 3.0 | |
Nassau | 1,752 | 2,597 | 23% | (20,600) | (1.7%) | 7.5% | $364,396 | 35% | 3.8 | |
New York | 2,025 | 36,953 | 89% | (110,300) | (2.1%) | 8.3% | $440,341 | 64% | 4.0 | |
Poughkeepsie | 944 | 1,396 | 27% | (2,800) | (1.1%) | 8.1% | $226,038 | 28% | 1.2 | |
Rochester | 1,363 | 1,566 | 30% | (1,400) | (0.3%) | 8.5% | $111,488 | 19% | 0.8 | |
Syracuse | 838 | 1,083 | 32% | (1,900) | (0.6%) | 8.9% | $112,792 | 20% | 1.4 | |
Utica-Rome | 224 | 272 | 21% | (1,400) | (1.1%) | 8.8% | $102,479 | 21% | 1.8 | |
North Carolina | ||||||||||
Asheville | 1,561 | 2,238 | 52% | (8,400) | (4.8%) | 9.7% | $173,664 | 32% | 2.6 | |
Burlington | 592 | 644 | 32% | (2,800) | (4.6%) | 12.0% | $107,087 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Charlotte | 6,447 | 10,862 | 43% | (48,300) | (5.6%) | 11.7% | $147,500 | 22% | 1.1 | |
Durham | 1,872 | 2,516 | 39% | (2,200) | (0.8%) | 8.0% | $166,805 | 27% | 0.8 | |
Fayetteville | 1,427 | 2,165 | 50% | (2,600) | (2.0%) | 9.5% | $103,166 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Greensboro | 1,826 | 2,991 | 47% | (22,700) | (6.1%) | 11.6% | $133,505 | 24% | 0.0 | |
Greenville | 489 | 1,077 | 42% | (2,400) | (3.0%) | 10.4% | $104,390 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Hickory | 800 | 829 | 34% | (10,500) | (6.6%) | 15.7% | $106,088 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Raleigh-Cary | 5,662 | 9,881 | 56% | (16,500) | (3.2%) | 8.8% | $186,000 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Rocky Mount | 380 | 385 | 37% | (2,700) | (4.1%) | 14.4% | $92,232 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Wilmington | 2,933 | 3,493 | 38% | (4,800) | (3.3%) | 10.8% | $191,387 | 33% | 1.9 | |
Winston-Salem | 1,403 | 1,516 | 34% | (6,900) | (3.1%) | 10.4% | $118,680 | 20% | 0.0 | |
North Dakota | ||||||||||
Bismarck | 523 | 760 | 69% | 600 | 1.0% | 5.4% | $155,163 | 20% | 2.1 | |
Fargo | 863 | 1,395 | 50% | (100) | (0.1%) | 4.9% | $137,755 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Grand Forks | 193 | 340 | 50% | (200) | (0.4%) | 5.2% | $119,448 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Ohio | ||||||||||
Akron | 830 | 966 | 24% | (11,400) | (3.4%) | 9.7% | $99,000 | 16% | 0.8 | |
Canton | 329 | 473 | 30% | (4,700) | (2.8%) | 10.8% | $86,887 | 15% | 0.2 | |
Cincinnati | 3,110 | 3,950 | 25% | (31,600) | (3.1%) | 8.9% | $132,500 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Cleveland | 2,077 | 2,394 | 30% | (40,300) | (3.8%) | 9.4% | $93,942 | 14% | 0.3 | |
Columbus | 2,535 | 4,185 | 25% | (17,200) | (1.8%) | 7.9% | $112,000 | 16% | 0.0 | |
Dayton | 1,035 | 1,155 | 28% | (15,200) | (3.8%) | 11.1% | $94,212 | 15% | 0.3 | |
Lima | 160 | 165 | 33% | (900) | (1.7%) | 12.1% | $88,630 | 14% | 0.0 | |
Mansfield | 76 | 95 | 16% | (2,000) | (3.5%) | 12.6% | $87,394 | 16% | 0.0 | |
Springfield | 86 | 116 | 17% | (1,300) | (2.5%) | 10.3% | $92,584 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Toledo | 588 | 1,061 | 26% | (17,800) | (5.6%) | 12.4% | $80,823 | 13% | 0.3 | |
Youngstown | 355 | 501 | 26% | (8,800) | (3.8%) | 12.9% | $63,341 | 11% | 0.1 | |
Oklahoma | ||||||||||
Oklahoma City | 3,339 | 3,694 | 17% | 2,100 | 0.4% | 5.6% | $124,598 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Tulsa | 2,677 | 3,705 | 30% | (2,200) | (0.5%) | 6.2% | $131,015 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Oregon | ||||||||||
Bend | 602 | 687 | 15% | (2,700) | (4.0%) | 16.1% | $191,847 | 27% | 1.5 | |
Eugene | 539 | 642 | 23% | (8,000) | (5.1%) | 12.8% | $202,538 | 34% | 4.9 | |
Medford | 360 | 435 | 20% | (3,000) | (3.7%) | 14.0% | $176,107 | 31% | 1.7 | |
Portland | 3,651 | 6,831 | 35% | (35,500) | (3.4%) | 10.7% | $244,476 | 33% | 5.3 | |
Salem | 584 | 927 | 28% | (2,900) | (1.9%) | 11.4% | $180,450 | 28% | 4.8 | |
Pennsylvania | ||||||||||
Allentown | 1,497 | 1,733 | 32% | (7,400) | (2.2%) | 8.7% | $234,865 | 35% | 5.8 | |
Altoona | 47 | 201 | 41% | (1,800) | (2.9%) | 7.8% | $98,119 | 18% | 0.2 | |
Erie | 268 | 425 | 42% | (1,900) | (1.4%) | 8.6% | $94,307 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Harrisburg | 1,457 | 1,489 | 40% | (6,300) | (1.9%) | 7.2% | $148,468 | 22% | 2.1 | |
Johnstown | 124 | 140 | 38% | (1,800) | (2.9%) | 8.9% | $79,953 | 18% | 1.0 | |
Lancaster | 1,195 | 1,525 | 42% | (5,700) | (2.4%) | 7.4% | $168,888 | 25% | 2.4 | |
Philadelphia | 3,703 | 5,330 | 30% | (33,600) | (1.8%) | 7.7% | $209,113 | 29% | 3.5 | |
Pittsburgh | 2,770 | 3,210 | 45% | (19,200) | (1.7%) | 7.6% | $115,012 | 20% | 0.0 | |
Reading | 489 | 667 | 31% | (4,400) | (2.5%) | 8.9% | $154,285 | 23% | 3.8 | |
Scranton | 781 | 885 | 41% | (6,800) | (2.6%) | 9.3% | $124,275 | 24% | 2.5 | |
State College | 386 | 471 | 43% | (1,000) | (1.3%) | 5.9% | $163,729 | 30% | 2.9 | |
Williamsport | 81 | 90 | 17% | (1,900) | (3.6%) | 9.5% | $112,404 | 22% | 1.5 | |
York | 975 | 1,109 | 35% | (3,100) | (1.7%) | 7.9% | $161,693 | 23% | 2.4 | |
Rhode Island | ||||||||||
Providence | 1,202 | 1,454 | 12% | (21,200) | (3.8%) | 11.6% | $213,152 | 31% | 0.3 | |
South Carolina | ||||||||||
Anderson | 521 | 596 | 31% | (3,700) | (5.8%) | 12.7% | $102,021 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Charleston | 3,278 | 4,553 | 42% | (7,400) | (2.5%) | 9.1% | $173,000 | 26% | 0.0 | |
Columbia | 3,110 | 4,257 | 52% | (8,400) | (2.3%) | 8.8% | $116,450 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Florence | 543 | 977 | 75% | (2,100) | (2.4%) | 11.9% | $118,599 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Greenville | 2,087 | 2,519 | 46% | (10,600) | (3.3%) | 9.8% | $135,000 | 23% | 2.6 | |
Myrtle Beach | 1,671 | 2,686 | 23% | (8,300) | (7.0%) | 14.3% | $174,600 | 30% | 0.0 | |
Spartanburg | 916 | 916 | 33% | (4,300) | (3.3%) | 11.5% | $121,765 | 21% | 0.4 | |
South Dakota | ||||||||||
Rapid City | 430 | 444 | 32% | (200) | (0.3%) | 5.1% | $121,910 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Sioux Falls | 849 | 1,806 | 72% | (300) | (0.2%) | 4.8% | $142,963 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Tennessee | ||||||||||
Chattanooga | 1,169 | 1,490 | 39% | (6,000) | (2.4%) | 8.7% | $124,251 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Clarksville | 1,107 | 1,570 | 49% | (3,700) | (4.4%) | 10.0% | $99,106 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Jackson | 328 | 388 | 35% | (1,700) | (2.8%) | 9.2% | $88,083 | 19% | 0.0 | |
Johnson City | 540 | 981 | 68% | (3,000) | (3.7%) | 8.6% | $111,570 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Kingsport | 756 | 834 | 54% | (3,200) | (2.6%) | 8.6% | $112,844 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Knoxville | 1,871 | 2,358 | 37% | (10,100) | (3.0%) | 7.9% | $138,976 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Memphis | 2,114 | 3,074 | 28% | (13,700) | (2.2%) | 8.9% | $103,119 | 19% | 0.2 | |
Nashville | 5,084 | 7,241 | 39% | (25,900) | (3.4%) | 8.4% | $140,000 | 22% | 0.1 | |
Texas | ||||||||||
Abilene | 191 | 191 | 9% | 300 | 0.4% | 5.0% | $92,900 | 17% | 1.6 | |
Amarillo | 453 | 705 | 19% | (600) | (0.5%) | 4.5% | $118,800 | 21% | 1.8 | |
Austin | 7,427 | 12,983 | 49% | 1,300 | 0.2% | 6.3% | $187,900 | 26% | 2.9 | |
Beaumont | 810 | 1,648 | 66% | (3,200) | (1.9%) | 8.5% | $132,800 | 24% | 4.2 | |
Brownsville | 946 | 1,193 | 31% | (2,600) | (2.0%) | 9.3% | $83,300 | 21% | 0.0 | |
College Station | 761 | 2,048 | 58% | 800 | 0.8% | 4.8% | $139,500 | 27% | 1.9 | |
Corpus Christi | 1,091 | 1,335 | 22% | (500) | (0.3%) | 6.0% | $133,800 | 26% | 4.1 | |
Dallas | 10,896 | 24,328 | 33% | (29,000) | (1.4%) | 7.0% | $145,900 | 20% | 0.7 | |
El Paso | 2,807 | 3,628 | 56% | (3,500) | (1.3%) | 8.2% | $130,900 | 30% | 4.0 | |
Fort Worth | 6,745 | 10,125 | 26% | (2,500) | (0.3%) | 6.7% | $107,000 | 15% | 0.5 | |
Houston | 25,814 | 40,743 | 54% | (6,300) | (0.2%) | 6.4% | $138,100 | 20% | 0.7 | |
Killeen | 1,657 | 2,073 | 45% | 2,500 | 2.0% | 6.1% | $120,430 | 21% | 2.3 | |
Laredo | 693 | 1,031 | 43% | 400 | 0.4% | 7.4% | $89,562 | 21% | 0.0 | |
Longview | 176 | 204 | 13% | (400) | (0.4%) | 6.0% | $118,800 | 22% | 2.6 | |
Lubbock | 953 | 981 | 24% | (300) | (0.2%) | 4.5% | $112,600 | 22% | 0.6 | |
McAllen | 2,894 | 3,272 | 35% | 300 | 0.1% | 9.6% | $90,400 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Midland | 446 | 446 | 12% | 2,300 | 3.4% | 3.9% | $129,462 | 21% | 2.8 | |
Odessa | 212 | 674 | 32% | 2,200 | 3.5% | 5.3% | $138,000 | 25% | 3.8 | |
San Antonio | 5,665 | 8,896 | 40% | (800) | (0.1%) | 6.0% | $143,300 | 24% | 2.8 | |
Texarkana | 83 | 150 | 18% | 200 | 0.3% | 5.7% | $77,611 | 14% | 0.0 | |
Tyler | 201 | 267 | 9% | 1,000 | 1.1% | 6.6% | $136,000 | 24% | 2.6 | |
Waco | 504 | 778 | 26% | 500 | 0.5% | 5.8% | $101,100 | 20% | 0.6 | |
Wichita Falls | 148 | 164 | 18% | (1,300) | (2.1%) | 6.7% | $96,200 | 19% | 1.5 | |
Utah | ||||||||||
Ogden-Clearfield | 1,334 | 1,737 | 34% | (4,800) | (2.4%) | 5.6% | $148,384 | 22% | 1.4 | |
Provo-Orem | 1,045 | 1,360 | 21% | (5,500) | (2.9%) | 5.2% | $167,275 | 28% | 1.8 | |
Salt Lake City | 1,685 | 4,767 | 38% | (13,500) | (2.1%) | 5.2% | $213,965 | 33% | 5.4 | |
St. George | 599 | 616 | 16% | (1,900) | (3.7%) | 7.4% | $162,027 | 30% | 0.0 | |
Virginia | ||||||||||
Charlottesville | 717 | 834 | 32% | (1,900) | (1.9%) | 5.6% | $217,091 | 31% | 0.8 | |
Harrisonburg | 543 | 1,010 | 77% | (1,800) | (2.8%) | 6.6% | $174,885 | 31% | 2.4 | |
Lynchburg | 818 | 836 | 45% | (900) | (0.8%) | 7.5% | $137,708 | 26% | 0.3 | |
Richmond | 3,598 | 4,446 | 39% | (22,000) | (3.5%) | 7.9% | $196,000 | 29% | 2.7 | |
Roanoke | 559 | 559 | 29% | (1,800) | (1.1%) | 7.4% | $142,333 | 25% | 0.0 | |
Virginia Beach | 2,909 | 4,861 | 21% | (6,900) | (0.9%) | 7.2% | $211,045 | 31% | 4.1 | |
Winchester | 444 | 443 | 25% | (2,600) | (4.7%) | 9.2% | $147,025 | 23% | 0.0 | |
Washington | ||||||||||
Bellingham | 454 | 498 | 20% | (2,300) | (2.7%) | 8.0% | $227,027 | 36% | 3.5 | |
Bremerton | 627 | 679 | 26% | (4,200) | (4.9%) | 7.7% | $240,500 | 30% | 4.0 | |
Kennewick | 835 | 948 | 29% | 800 | 0.9% | 8.5% | $161,898 | 23% | 2.7 | |
Olympia | 1,081 | 1,193 | 37% | 100 | 0.1% | 7.6% | $245,000 | 32% | 5.7 | |
Seattle | 4,257 | 11,888 | 43% | (44,600) | (3.0%) | 8.5% | $335,100 | 38% | 4.4 | |
Spokane | 1,140 | 1,663 | 38% | (5,000) | (2.3%) | 9.6% | $159,500 | 26% | 3.3 | |
Tacoma | 1,661 | 2,162 | 32% | (7,500) | (2.7%) | 9.4% | $231,750 | 30% | 3.3 | |
Yakima | 587 | 680 | 56% | (1,900) | (2.5%) | 10.4% | $136,739 | 24% | 0.2 | |
West Virginia | ||||||||||
Charleston | 305 | 536 | 63% | (800) | (0.5%) | 6.0% | $125,560 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Huntington | 95 | 115 | 18% | (1,600) | (1.4%) | 7.5% | $84,803 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Morgantown | 30 | 153 | 62% | 1,000 | 1.6% | 4.6% | $119,808 | 22% | 0.0 | |
Parkersburg | 126 | 182 | 42% | (800) | (1.1%) | 9.2% | $85,139 | 15% | 0.0 | |
Wheeling | 44 | 46 | 16% | (600) | (0.9%) | 8.8% | $76,981 | 14% | 0.0 | |
Wisconsin | ||||||||||
Appleton | 473 | 640 | 29% | (2,700) | (2.3%) | 8.6% | $125,686 | 19% | 1.8 | |
Eau Claire | 321 | 450 | 32% | (2,200) | (2.7%) | 8.0% | $113,919 | 20% | 1.8 | |
Green Bay | 524 | 725 | 23% | (3,300) | (2.0%) | 8.4% | $145,414 | 23% | 2.8 | |
Janesville | 196 | 225 | 18% | (3,900) | (5.7%) | 13.0% | $112,944 | 19% | 1.8 | |
La Crosse | 303 | 358 | 42% | (1,300) | (1.8%) | 7.3% | $119,408 | 21% | 0.9 | |
Madison | 748 | 1,837 | 30% | (7,200) | (2.1%) | 6.0% | $221,740 | 31% | 4.3 | |
Milwaukee | 1,167 | 2,183 | 25% | (29,500) | (3.5%) | 8.1% | $194,571 | 30% | 3.9 | |
Oshkosh-Neenah | 411 | 528 | 36% | (400) | (0.4%) | 8.0% | $113,063 | 18% | 0.0 | |
Racine | 307 | 451 | 35% | (1,800) | (2.3%) | 10.2% | $143,179 | 22% | 3.0 | |
Sheboygan | 127 | 236 | 32% | (2,300) | (3.7%) | 9.3% | $126,195 | 21% | 2.9 | |
Wausau | 217 | 411 | 30% | (2,600) | (3.6%) | 8.7% | $118,770 | 19% | 1.4 | |
Wyoming | ||||||||||
Cheyenne | 161 | 189 | 22% | 300 | 0.7% | 5.4% | $120,652 | 18% | 0.0 |